Methods for Revealing Degree of Language Affinity

  • Ya.V. Kapranov
Keywords: language affinity, basic vocabulary, methods for revealing degree of language affinity

Abstract

The article clarifies the definition of the term “language affinity” and represents its degrees; the notion of “basic vocabulary” as a means for substantiating the degrees of language affinity has been given; an attempt has been made to represent the methods for revealing the degree of language affinity, among which: a comparative-historical method with procedures of internal and external reconstruction, glottochronological / lexicostatistical method of M. Swadesh, a method of mass comparison of J. Greenberg.

References

1. Babayev K. V. Nigero-kongolezskiy prayazyk. Lichnyye mestoimeniya [The Niger-Congolese Proto-Language. Personal Pronouns] / K. V. Babayev. – M. : “YAzyki slavyanskoy kul'tury”, 2013. – 651 c.

2. Burlak S. A. Cravnitel'no-istoricheskoye yazykoznaniye [Comparative-Historical Linguistics] : uchebnik [dlya stud. vyssh. ucheb. zavedeniy] / S. A. Burlak, S. A. Starostin. – M. : Izdatel'skiy tsentr “Akademiya”, 2005. – 432 s.

3. Dugin A. G. German Virt, paleosotsiologiya i nostraticheskaya lingvistika: v poiskakh primordial'nykh struktur (tezisy) [Hermann Wirth, Paleosociology and Nostratic Linguistics: in Search of Primordial Structures (Theses)] / A. G. Dugin // Traditsiya : [materialy seminarov po problemam religiovedeniya i traditsionalizma] / [pod. red. A.G. Dugina; red.-sost. N. Speranskaya]. – M. : Yevraziyskoye Dvizheniye, 2011. – Vyp. 2. – S. 61–68.

4. Makayev E. A. Obshchaya teoriya sravnitel'nogo yazykoznaniya [General Theory of Comparative Linguistics] / E. A. Makayev. – M., 1977. – S. 182.

5. Makayev E. A. Problemy indoyevropeyskoy areal'noy lingvistiki [Problems of Indo-European Areal Linguistics] / E. A. Makayev. – At. – JI., 1904. – S. 50–57.

6. Makayev E. A. Problemy m metody sovremennogo sravnitel'no-istoricheskogo indoyevropeyskogo yazykoznaniya [Problems and Methods of Modern Comparative-Historical Indo-European Linguistics] / E. A. Makayev // Voprosy yazykoznaniya. – 1965. – № 4.

7. Medovarov M. V. Dostizheniya i perspektivy izucheniya dal'nego rodstva yazykov: sovetskaya ingvisticheskaya shkola prezhde i teper' [Achievements and Prospects for Studying the Distant Relationship of Languages: the Soviet Linguistics School Before and Now] / M. V. Medovarov // Traditsiya : [materialy seminarov po problemam religiovedeniya i traditsionalizma] / [pod. red. A.G. Dugina; red.-sost. N. Speranskaya]. – M. : Yevraziyskoye Dvizheniye, 2011. – Vyp. 2. – S. 61–68.

8. Rassokha I. N. Issledovaniya po nostraticheskoy probleme: YuzhnoUkrainskiy tsentr neoliticheskoy revolyutsii. Metodika vyyavleniya drevneyshego rodstva yazykov putem sravneniya ikh bazovoy leksiki s nostraticheskoy i sinokavkazskoy rekonstruktsiyami [Studies on the Nostratic Problem: The South Ukrainian Center for the Neolithic Revolution. The Methodology for Revealing the Ancient Affinity of Languages by Comparing Their Basic Vocabulary with the Nostratic and Sino-Caucasian Reconstructions] : [monografiya] / I. N. Rassokha. – KH. : KHNAMG, 2010. – 400 s.

9. Sayenko M. N. Obshchiye innovatsii v bazisnoy leksike kak argument v diskussii o balto-slavyanskom yedinstve [General Innovations in the Basic Vocabulary as an Argument in the Discussion About the Balto-Slavic Unity] : dis. … kand. filol. nauk : 10.02.20 / M. N. Sayenko. – Rostov-na-Donu, 2014. – 238 s.

10. Svodesh M. K voprosu o povyshenii tochnosti v leksikostaticheskom datirovanii [On the Issue of Increasing Accuracy in Lexicostatical Dating] / M. Svodesh // Novoye v lingvistike. – 1960. – Vyp. 1. – S. 53–87.

11. Svodesh M. Leksikostatisticheskoye datirovaniye doistoricheskikh etnicheskikh kontaktov [Lexicostatistical Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts] / M. Svodesh // Novoye v lingvistike. – 1960. – Vyp. 1. – S. 23–52.

12. Sravnitel'no-istoricheskoye yazykoznaniye [Comparative-Historical Linguistics] : metodicheskiye ukazaniya k lektsionnym i seminarskim zanyatiyam [dlya studentov spetsial'nosti “Teoreticheskaya i prikladnaya lingvistika”] / [sost. M. A. Androsova]. – Ul'yanovskUlGTU, 2009. – 87 s.

13. Starostin C. A. Sravnitel'no-istoricheskoye yazykoznaniye i leksikostatistika [Comparative-Historical Linguistics and Lexicostatistics] / S. A. Starostin // Lingvisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya i drevneyshaya istoriya Vostoka. – M., 1989. – CH. I. – S. 3–39.

14. Starostin G. S. Yazyki Afriki. Opyt postroyeniya leksikostatisticheskoy klassifikatsii [Languages of Africa. Experience in Constructing a Lexicostatistical Classification] / G. S. Starostin. – M. : YAzyki slavyanskoy kul'tury, 2013. – T. 1: Metodologiya. Koysanskiye yazyki. – 510 s.

15. Starostin S. A. Dva podkhoda k izucheniyu istorii yazyka [Two Approaches to the Study of the History of Language] [Elektronnyy resurs] / S. A. Starostin // Znaniye – sila. – M., 2003. – № 8. – Rezhim dostupa : http://www.philology.ru/linguistics1/starostin-03.htm

16. Starostin S.A. Altayskaya problema i proiskhozhdeniye altayskogo yazyka [The Altai Problem and the Origin of the Altai Language] [Elektronnyy resurs] / S.A. Starostin. – M., 1991. – Rezhim dostupa : http://alonecoder.nedopc.com/ling/alt3.pdf

17. Starostin S. A. O dokazatel'stve yazykovogo rodstva [On the Proof of Linguistic Affinity] / S. A. Starostin // Trudy po yazykoznaniyu. – M., 2007. – S. 779–793.

18. Shaykevich A. YA. Vvedeniye v lingvistiku [Introduction to Linguistics] / A. YA . Shaykevich. – M., 1995.

19. Yazyki mira: Germanskiye yazyki. Kel'tskiye yazyki [Languages of the World: Germanic Languages. Celtic Languages]. – M. : Academia, 2000. – 472 s.

20. Bomhard A. R. Indo-European and the Nostratic Hypothesis: History of Research, Current Trends, and Future Prospects / A. R. Bomhard. – Boston, Massachusetts. USA, 1995. – 82 p.

21. Bomhard A. R. The Nostratic Macrofamily: A Study in Distant Linguistic Relationship / A. R. Bomhard, J. C. Kerns // Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 74. – Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter, 1994. – xi + 932 p.

22. Diebold A. R. A Control Case for Glottochronology / A. R. Diebold // American Anthropologist, 66. – 1964. – P. 987–1006.

23. Dixon R. M. W. The Rise and Fall of Languages / R. M. W. Dixon. – Cambridge, 1997.

24. Greenberg J. Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family / J. Greenberg. – Stanford : Stanford University Press, 2000. – Vol. I. Grammar.

25. Greenberg J. Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family / J. Greenberg. – Stanford : Stanford University Press, 2002. – Vol. II. Lexicon.

26. Lehman W. P. Historical Linguistics: an Introduction / W. P. Lehman. – [3d ed.]. – London; New York, 1992.

27. Meillet A. Introduction à l'étude comparative des langues indo-européennes / A. Meillet. – Paris, 1907.

28. Nichols J. Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time / J. Nichols. – Chicago, 1992.

29. Pedersen H. Linguistic Science in the Nineteenth Century: Methods and Results / H. Pedersen; translated from the Danish by John Webster Spargo. – Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press. 1931

30. Ruhlen M. Guide to the World's Languages / M. Ruhlen. – Stanford, 1987.

31. Schadeberg T. The lexicostatistical base of Bennett and Sterk’s reclassification of Niger-Congo with particular reference to the cohesion of Bantu / T. Schadeberg // Studies in African Linguistics, 17. – 1986. – P. 69–83.

32. Trask R.L. Historical Linguistics / R.L. Trask. – London, New York, Sidney, Auklend, 1996.
Published
2018-05-14
How to Cite
Kapranov, Y. (2018). Methods for Revealing Degree of Language Affinity. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, (16), 113-125. Retrieved from https://sjnpu.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/116